NIFTY 50 24,876.45 ▼ 0.22% SENSEX 81,425.30 ▼ 0.18% BANK NIFTY 54,120.80 ▲ 0.34% NIFTY IT 43,290.15 ▲ 1.02% RELIANCE 2,845.60 ▲ 0.48% TCS 4,120.30 ▼ 0.62% HDFC BANK 1,742.15 ▲ 0.28% INFY 1,928.90 ▼ 0.14% USD/INR 84.62 ▲ 0.08% GOLD 76,240 ▲ 0.62% 10Y G-SEC 6.78% ▼ 3bp NIFTY 50 24,876.45 ▼ 0.22% SENSEX 81,425.30 ▼ 0.18% BANK NIFTY 54,120.80 ▲ 0.34% NIFTY IT 43,290.15 ▲ 1.02% RELIANCE 2,845.60 ▲ 0.48% TCS 4,120.30 ▼ 0.62% HDFC BANK 1,742.15 ▲ 0.28% INFY 1,928.90 ▼ 0.14% USD/INR 84.62 ▲ 0.08% GOLD 76,240 ▲ 0.62% 10Y G-SEC 6.78% ▼ 3bp
Independent research · India

Serious research on Indian companies, written for the long term.

Earnings call analysis. Quarterly & annual report deep-dives. DCF valuation models. For investors and analysts who want to understand what the numbers are actually saying.

Earnings Calls Annual Reports DCF Models Nifty 500 Coverage
2,400+Paid subscribers
120+Analyses & models
~12 minAverage read
DCF · IT SERVICES
Terminal g4.5%
WACC11.2%
Fair value₹4,280
RELIANCE · Q2 FY26
Consolidated net debt down ₹22,300 cr QoQ.
Revenue₹2,58,027 cr
EBITDA₹43,934 cr
Net debt₹1,97,910 cr
Jio ARPU₹185
HDFC BANK · AR25
NIM3.45%
CASA38.4%
C/I ratio39.8%

What we cover

Five pillars · Nifty 500 focus
Earnings Calls

Line-by-line breakdown of what management said, what they didn't, and how the tone diverges from the substance.

Quarterly Reports

What the numbers show and what the notes reveal. Trend analysis across quarters, with sector context.

Annual Reports

The 23-point checklist for Indian annual reports. Auditor signals, related-party transactions, accounting policy changes.

DCF Valuation

Fully built Excel models across sectors — IT services, banks, FMCG, cyclicals — with written walk-throughs.

Geopolitical News

Events that move Indian markets — crude, tariffs, policy, rates — with the sectors and companies actually exposed.

This week's analysis

October 24, 2025 · EARNINGS CALL

Recent research

Latest earnings calls, quarterly & annual reports
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For analysts & serious investors

DCF Models & Analysis

6 working models · Sector-specific · Updated quarterly

A working library of Indian company DCF models, one per sector. IT services, private banks, FMCG, cyclicals, and more. Each ships as a fully-linked Excel workbook plus a written walk-through that explains every assumption. Built for investors preparing DCFs on their own coverage, and for students preparing for IB and ER interviews.

FCF PROJECTION · ₹ CR TERMINAL VALUE
DCF · IT SERVICESINTERMEDIATE

DCF model: Indian IT services (TCS template)

A complete DCF built around a large Indian IT services business. Utilization, headcount pyramid, wage inflation, and dollar-rupee sensitivity — all live-linked.

ROE DECOMPOSITION · DUPONT ROE 14.8% Net margin 22.5% Asset turn 0.082x Leverage 8.0x HDFC BANK · FY26E
DCF · BANKINGADVANCED

Bank valuation model: ROE-based DDM for Indian private banks

Banks are not valued with DCF — they need a residual-income framework. NIM forecast, credit cost cycle, RoRWA sensitivity. Built off HDFC Bank as the template.

VOLUME × PRICE DECOMPOSITION TOTAL REV VOLUME FY22FY24FY26EFY28E
DCF · FMCGBEGINNER

DCF model: Indian FMCG (HUL / Nestlé template)

The steady-state cash flow model for a mature FMCG business. Volume-price decomposition, gross margin drivers, and the terminal growth assumption most models get wrong.

CYCLE-ADJUSTED EBITDA PEAK TROUGH MID-CYCLE ═════════ CEMENT · 3 CYCLES · 15 YRS
DCF · CYCLICALSADVANCED

DCF for cyclicals: cement, metals, and the mid-cycle problem

Point-in-time DCF fails for cyclicals. Mid-cycle EBITDA, replacement cost, and the sensitivity grid that keeps you from buying at the top.

INTEGRATED 3-STATEMENT MODEL Income Statement RevenueGross profit EBITDANet income Balance Sheet CashPP&E DebtEquity Cash Flow CFOCFI CFFΔ cash
CORE · 3-STATEMENTBEGINNER

The 3-Statement Model: from blank sheet to fully linked

Build a fully integrated Income Statement, Balance Sheet, and Cash Flow model. The debt schedule that trips up nearly every first-year analyst — solved.

INDIAN MID-CAP PEER SET · EV/EBITDA Peer A 11.6x Peer B 14.9x Peer C 17.2x TARGET 18.4x Peer D 20.4x Peer E 22.4x
COMPS · VALUATIONINTERMEDIATE

Comparable companies: building a peer set that holds up

The multiples desks actually use. How to build a peer set that survives the questions in a screening interview. Applied to Indian mid-caps.

Get the complete library

All six DCF models — Excel + PDF walk-throughs. New model every quarter. Also includes the research subscription.

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From the blog

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HOW TO · READING TRANSCRIPTS

How to read an earnings call transcript like a buy-side analyst.

Six questions to ask before you read a single number. The management-quality signals hidden in the Q&A section. A practical framework for the next earnings season.

DCF = Σ FCF / (1+r)ⁿ MODELLING · FIVE PITFALLS

Five common mistakes in DCF valuation (and how to avoid them).

Terminal value that swallows the model. WACC calculated wrong. Reinvestment rate that doesn't reconcile. The mistakes are simple; the discipline to avoid them is not.

"
VK Investing's earnings call breakdowns save me two hours per stock per quarter. The DCF models are worth ten times what they cost. It has become the first thing I open on results day.
R. Mehta Equity Analyst · Mumbai

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